Prague November 2012ġ1 history: antiquity to the 19th century As the European Imperialist age progressed and the militarily powers extended their hold over other continents and people, the need for a sophisticated public administration grew. Consequently, the need for expert civil servants whose ability to read and write formed the basis for developing expertise in such necessary activities as legal record-keeping, paying and feeding armies and levying taxes. In medieval times, the abilities to read and write, add and subtract were as dominated by the educated elite as public employment. Public administrators have been the "eyes and ears" of rulers until relatively recently. Prague November 2012ġ0 history: antiquity to the 19th century Prior to the 19th century, staffing of most public administrations was rife with nepotism, favoritism, and political patronage, which was often referred to as a spoils system.
Prague November 2012ĭating back to Antiquity, Pharaohs, Kings and Emperors have required pages, treasurers, and tax collectors to administer the practical business of government.
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Includes instruction in the roles, development and principles of public administration the management of public policy executive-legislative relations public budgetary processes and financial management administrative law public personnel management professional ethics and research methods. Prague November 2012ĭefines the study of public administration as a program that prepares individuals to serve as managers in the executive arm of local, state, and federal government and that focuses on the systematic study of executive organization and management. This includes legislative activities, taxation, national defense, public order and safety, immigration services, foreign affairs and international assistance, and the administration of government programs are activities that are purely governmental in nature. Public administration comprises establishments primarily engaged in activities of a governmental nature, that is, the enactment and judicial interpretation of laws and their pursuant regulations, and the administration of programs based on them. Prague November 2012ħ the North American Industry Classification System definition
There is much disagreement about whether the study of public administration can properly be called a discipline, largely because of the debate over whether public administration is a subfield of political science or a subfield of administrative science. Public administration is a field of study (i.e., a discipline) and an occupation. Prague November 2012Ħ more Public administration has no generally accepted definition, because the scope of the subject is so great and so debatable that it is easier to explain than define. Until the mid-20th century and the dissemination of the German sociologist Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy there was not much interest in a theory of public administration The field is multidisciplinary in character one of the various proposals for public administration's sub-fields sets out six pillars, including human resources, organizational theory, policy analysis and statistics, budgeting and ethics. "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day" "the study of government decision making, the analysis of the policies themselves, the various inputs that have produced them, and the inputs necessary to produce alternative policies” Prague November 2012Ĥ concerns Centrally concerned with the organization of government policies and programmes as well as the behavior of officials (usually non-elected) formally responsible for their conduct Many unelected public servants can be considered to be public administrators, including heads of city, county, regional, state and federal departments such as municipal budget directors, human resources (H.R.) administrators, city managers, census managers, state directors, and cabinet secretaries Public administrators are public servants working in public departments and agencies, at all levels of government Prague November 2012 Public administration is both an academic discipline and a field of practice Public administration houses the implementation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and that prepares civil servants for this work As a "field of inquiry with a diverse scope" its fundamental goal is to advance management and policies so that government can function Prague November 2012ģ definitions "the management of public programs"
El Thalassinos Chair Jean Monnet University of Piraeus Editor, ERSJ, IJEBA Prague November 2012 1 public administration: theory and practice
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